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91.
92.
Seung Ho Baek Moonho Son Dongseon Kim Hyun-Woo Choi Young-Ok Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2014,49(3):291-311
To assess the responses of planktonic organisms to pollutants in the coastal ecosystems of Gwangyang and Jinhae bays in Korea, we investigated seasonal changes in various biological factors during the period from 2010 to 2012. Based on the characteristics of nutrient uptake by planktonic organisms under the coastal pollution conditions, we focused on four major parameters: total phytoplankton, harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, heterotrophic bacteria (HB) and Escherichia coli to develop a planktonic index of biotic integrity (P-IBI). The threshold values for abundances of total phytoplankton, HAB species and HB were based on the zero Z-score following normal distribution of the data for each parameter during the three years. Based on this approach, the threshold values were: 1.2 × 106 cells L?1 for total phytoplankton; 3.3 × 104 cells L?1 for HAB species; and 1.7 × 106 cells mL?1for HB. Five grade levels for the P-IBI were established, based on the zero Z-scores. The threshold value for E. coli not to be normalized was based on the USEPA and the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries guidelines. Validity of the grades and threshold values for each parameter established using the field data were tested by algal bioassays in a mesocosm enclosure, which supported the threshold values obtained in the field. In Gwangyang Bay, the annual integrated score for the P-IBI in 2010 was better than in the other years of the study. In Jinhae Bay, the P-IBI for the inner area of Masan Bay was Grade IV–V, indicating unhealthy conditions relative to the central and western outer areas, where the P-IBI varied from Grade II to III. The P-IBI values for Gwangyang and Jinhae bays were mostly rated as “Good (Grade II) or Fair (Grade III)”, except for a few stations in the semi-enclosed areas of the inner part of Jinhae Bay. From an overall view based on the P-IBI developed in this study, the coastal ecosystem health status in Gwangyang Bay was in a better condition than Jinhae Bay. The P-IBI indicated also a change to an unhealthy status during the rainy periods of spring and summer, whereas during winter and autumn the index indicated healthy conditions. 相似文献
93.
To determine the optimal storage method and longest possible storage period of Phyllospadix japonicus seeds, we examined post-storage germination rates using different storage methods and periods for P. japonicus seeds harvested in Korean coastal waters. P. japonicus seeds are classified as recalcitrant seeds with an average moisture content of 45.4%. Germination rates of P. japonicus seeds stored in seawater at 4 °C, seawater at room temperature with air supply, and an aquarium with continuous seawater circulation ranged from 35.0% to 43.5%, whereas seeds stored in seawater at 30°C, a refrigerator at ?20°C, and a desiccator at room temperature did not germinate. Seeds stored at 4°C maintained germination rates of 72.5~73.0% until 30 days of storage, but showed rapidly decreasing germination rates after 60 days and no germination after 180 days. Since few studies have investigated seed storage of P. japonicus, these results will serve as useful data for seed-based P. japonicus habitat restoration. 相似文献
94.
ENSO regulation of MJO teleconnection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The extratropical teleconnections associated with Madden?CJulian Oscillation (MJO) are shown to have an action center in the North Pacific where the pressure anomalies have opposite polarities between the Phase 3 (convective Indian Ocean) and Phase 7 (convective western Pacific) of the MJO. The teleconnection in the same phase of MJO may induce opposite anomalies over East Asia and North America between El Ni?o and La Ni?a years. During MJO Phase 3, a gigantic North Pacific anticyclonic anomaly occurs during La Ni?a, making coastal northeast Asia warmer/wetter than normal, but the west US colder/drier; whereas during El Ni?o the anticyclonic anomaly is confined to the central North Pacific, hence the northwest US experiences warmer than normal weather under influence of a downstream cyclonic anomaly. During Phase 7, an extratropical cyclonic anomaly forms over the northwest Pacific during La Ni?a due to convective enhancement over the Philippine Sea, causing bitter winter monsoon over Japan; whereas during El Ni?o, the corresponding cyclonic anomaly shifts to the northeast Pacific due to enhanced convection over the equatorial central Pacific, which causes warm and wet conditions along the west coast of US and Canada. Further, the presence of ENSO-induced seasonal anomalies can significantly modify MJO teleconnection, but the aforementioned MJO teleconnection can still be well identified. During Phase 3, the MJO teleconnection pattern over North Pacific will be counterbalanced (enhanced) by El Ni?o (La Ni?a)-induced seasonal mean anomalies. During Phase 7, on the other hand, the MJO teleconnection anomalies in the northeastern Pacific will be enhanced during El Ni?o but reduced during La Ni?a; thereby the impacts of MJO teleconnection on the North America is expected to be stronger during El Ni?o than during La Ni?a. 相似文献
95.
Moon HB An YR Park KJ Choi SG Moon DY Choi M Choi HG 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(9):1963-1968
Reports of the occurrence and accumulation patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) in marine mammals are scarce. In this study, the concentrations and accumulation profiles of PAHs and SMCs were determined in blubber from finless porpoises in Korean coastal waters. Total concentrations of PAHs and SMCs ranged from 6.0 to 432 (mean: 160) ng/g lipid weight and from 17 to 144 (mean: 52) ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Residue levels of PAHs were lower than those reported from other studies, while residue levels of SMCs were relatively higher than those reported in other studies. Naphthalene was the most abundant PAH and HHCB was the dominant SMC observed in finless porpoises. The concentrations of PAHs and SMCs were not correlated with each other, but were significantly correlated within the same chemical groups. No correlations were found between body size and residue levels of PAHs and SMCs. 相似文献
96.
Byung-Kwon Moon Daeok Youn Rokjin J. Park Sang-Wook Yeh Won-Mo Kim Young-Ho Kim Jaein I. Jeong Jung-Hun Woo Eul Gyu Im Chang-Keun Song 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2011,47(4):345-351
We examine the meteorological responses due to the probable eruption of Mt. Baekdu using an off-line Climate-Chemistry model that is composed of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Climate Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3) and a global chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem). Using the aerosol dataset from the GEOS-Chem driven by GEOS-5 meteorology, experiment and control simulations of the climate model are performed and their meteorological differences between the two simulations are analyzed. The magnitudes of volcanic eruption and column injection height were presumably set to 1/200 of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption and 9 km, respectively. Significant temperature drop in the lower troposphere (850 hPa), which is mainly due to a direct effect of prescribed volcanic aerosols from Mt. Baekdu, has been simulated up to about ?4 K. The upper atmosphere (150 hPa) right above the volcano, however, shows significant warming due to the absorption of the infrared radiation by volcanic aerosols. As a result of the volcanic eruption in the climate model, wave-like patterns are shown in both the geopotential height and horizontal wind. The changes in the lower atmospheric temperature are well associated with the modification of the atmospheric circulation through the hydrostatic balance. In spite of limitations in our current simulations due to several underlying assumptions, our results could give a clue to understanding the meteorological impacts from Mt. Baekdu eruptions that are currently attracting considerable public attention. 相似文献
97.
Data on the occurrence and accumulation profiles of butyltins (BTs), including tributyltin (TBT), in marine mammals are scarce. This is the first study to investigate residue levels and accumulation patterns of BTs in cetaceans from Korean coastal waters. The total concentrations of BTs (sum of mono- to tri-butyltins) in minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis) ranged from 15.7 to 297 ng/g wet weight (mean: 100 ng/g wet weight) and from 59.0 to 412 ng/g wet weight (mean: 228 ng/g wet weight), respectively. Dibutyltin (DBT) accounted for 63% of the total BTs in all cetacean samples. Significant species-specific differences in BT concentrations, possibly due to the differences in their habitat and diet, were found between the two cetacean species. The concentrations of DBT and TBT in most cetacean samples exceeded the threshold value for cytotoxic effects in cetaceans, implying potentially adverse health risks from exposure to BTs. 相似文献
98.
Stabilization of arsenic-contaminated mine tailings using natural and calcined oyster shells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deok Hyun Moon Kyoung-Woong Kim In-Ho Yoon Dennis G. Grubb Dae-Yewn Shin Kyung Hoon Cheong Hyung-Il Choi Yong Sik Ok Jeong-Hun Park 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(3):597-605
Natural oyster shells (NOS) and calcined oyster shells (COS) were used to immobilize arsenic (As) from contaminated mine tailings.
In addition, a blend of Portland cement (PC)/cement kiln dust (CKD) was used as a stabilizing agent. The Korean Standard Test
(KST) method (1 N HCl extraction) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The experimental results showed
that COS effectively immobilized As in treated mine tailings. Specifically, an As concentration less than 1 mg L−1 was obtained following COS treatment at 25 and 30 wt%. However, all the samples subjected to NOS treatments failed the Korean
warning standard of 1.2 mg L−1 after 28 days of curing. All of the COS-PC treatments were successful meeting the Korean warning standard after 7 days of
curing. However, the PC-only treatment failed to meet the Korean warning standard. Similarly, the CKD-only treatment was failed
to meet the Korean warning standard after 7 days of curing. However, the COS-CKD treatment showed that when the COS content
was greater than 20 wt%, less than 1 mg L−1 of As leachability was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) showed needle-like
and torpedo-like Ca–As phases in the COS-treated samples suggesting that As was strongly associated with Ca and O. X-ray absorption
near edge structure (XANES) analyses confirmed that As(V) was prevalent in the tailings and that there were no changes in
As speciation following NOS or COS treatment. 相似文献
99.
Evidence for sediment recirculation on an ebb-tidal delta of the East Frisian barrier-island system, southern North Sea 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
The Otzum ebb-tidal delta, located between Langeoog and Spiekeroog islands along the East Frisian barrier-island coast, southern
North Sea, was investigated with respect to its morphological evolution, sediment distribution patterns and internal sedimentary
structures. Bathymetric charts reveal that, over the last 50 years, the size of the Otzum ebb-tidal delta has slightly shrunk,
while sediment has accreted on the ebb-delta lobe to the east of the main inlet channel (west of Spiekeroog). Swash bars superimposed
on the eastern ebb-tidal shoal (Robben Plate) have migrated south or south-eastwards, i.e. towards the inlet throat. The main
ebb-delta body is composed of fine quartz sand, whereas the superimposed swash bars and the inlet channel bed consist of medium-grained
quartz sand containing high proportions of coarser bioclastic material. Internal sedimentary structures in short box-cores
(up to 30 cm long) are dominated by flood-oriented cross-beds. Longer vibro-cores (up to 1.5 m long) show that, at depth,
the sediment is dominated by storm-generated parallel (upper plane bed) laminations with intercalated shell layers and dune
cross-bedding. The cross-bedded sands in both box-cores and vibro-cores from the ebb-delta shoal predominantly dip towards
the south or southeast, indicating transport towards the inlet throat by the flood current. The observations demonstrate that,
contrary to previous contentions, the sediments of the highly mobile swash bars do not bypass the inlet but are instead being
continually recirculated by the combined action of tidal currents and waves. In this model, the cycle begins with both fine
and medium sands, including shell hash, being transported seawards in the main ebb channel until they reach the shallow ebb-delta
front. From here, the sediment is pushed onto the eastern ebb-delta shoal by the flood current assisted by waves, becoming
strongly size-sorted in the process. The medium sands together with the shell hash are formed into swash bars which migrate
along arcuate paths over a base of fine sand back to the main ebb channel located south of the ebb delta. By the same token,
the fine sand between the swash bars is transported south-eastwards by the flood current in the form of small dunes until
it cascades into the large flood channel located to the west of Spiekeroog. From here, the fine sand is fed back into the
main ebb channel, thus completing the cycle. No evidence was found on the ebb delta for alongshore sediment bypassing. 相似文献
100.
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The studies on poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation have mainly concentrated on linear trends with global warming. There is no consensus on how the... 相似文献